{"id":17815,"date":"2026-10-08T00:00:12","date_gmt":"2026-10-08T00:00:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/amade.udg.edu\/index.php\/simulations\/"},"modified":"2026-10-08T00:07:21","modified_gmt":"2026-10-08T00:07:21","slug":"simulations","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/amade.udg.edu\/index.php\/simulations\/","title":{"rendered":"SIMULATIONS"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"wpb-content-wrapper\" id=\"wpb-content-root\"><p>[vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; padding_top=&#8221;40&#8243; padding_bottom=&#8221;40&#8243;][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h3 class=\"titulo-amade izq\">SIMULATION SERVICES<\/h3>\n<p>AMADE\u2019s research pursues the industry-oriented development of material constitutive models for the reliable simulation of composite materials, bonded joints and, in general, non-linear anisotropic materials. We offer the following services:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"lista-amade\">\n<li>Expert advising on the simulation of composite materials<\/li>\n<li>Guidelines for the use of advanced material models in industry<\/li>\n<li>Robust and reliable constitutive models for the simulation of:<br \/><span style=\"color:#828282\">\u2013 damage evolution in composite materials (intralaminar damage model)<br \/>\u2013 static and fatigue delamination and adhesive joint damage (cohesive zone model)<br \/>\u2013 impact events on composite materials and adhesive joints<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Development of tailor-made material models<\/li>\n<li>Customised training at company facilities<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;17812&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; padding_top=&#8221;40&#8243; padding_bottom=&#8221;40&#8243;][vc_column][vc_accordion style=&#8221;accordion&#8221;][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;COHESIVE ZONE MODEL&#8221; title_tag=&#8221;h3&#8243; el_id=&#8221;1&#8243;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>Cohesive zone models allow the modelling of damage at predefined interfaces. They accurately reproduce the fracture process zone and account for both damage initiation and propagation. The main features of AMADE\u2019s cohesive zone model are:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"lista-amade\">\n<li>Modelling of interlaminar damage: delamination and adhesive joints<\/li>\n<li>Static, fatigue and impact loads<\/li>\n<li>Consistent mixed-mode behaviour<\/li>\n<li>Strategies to use coarse meshes and reduce computational time<\/li>\n<li>Implemented and working on Abaqus Standard and Explicit<br \/><span style=\"color:#828282\">User subroutines: UEL | UMAT | UINTER | VUMAT | VUINTER | VUINTERACTION<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Available to be implemented in other FE software<\/li>\n<li>Physically measurable material properties<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;17808&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: #999999; font-style: italic;\">Prediction of free-edge delaminations on a CFRP laminate using cohesive elements<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=&#8221;17810&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: #999999; font-style: italic;\">Simulation of a lap adhesive joint with cohesive elements<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][vc_single_image image=&#8221;17813&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; el_class=&#8221;img-max-l&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: #999999; font-style: italic;\">Simulation of stiffener debonding on an impacted composite stiffened panel<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;INTRALAMINAR DAMAGE MODEL&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>Thermodynamically consistent damage model for the simulation of progressive intralaminar damage mechanisms in composite materials. The main features of the model are:<\/p>\n<ul class=\"lista-amade\">\n<li>Modelling of intralaminar matrix and fibre progressive damage<\/li>\n<li>Damage activation functions based on LaRC failure criteria<\/li>\n<li>Objectivity ensured by Ba\u017eant\u2019s crack band model<\/li>\n<li>Physically based degradation: the tensile degradation of the fibre is described by two softening branches, linear (fibre bridging) and exponential (fibre pull-out)<\/li>\n<li>Large element sizes allowed, by virtue of automatic strength reduction whilst keeping the fracture energy<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<h5 class=\"titulo-amade izq\">UNIDIRECTIONAL COMPOSITE LAMINATES<\/h5>\n<ul class=\"lista-amade\">\n<li>Available for shell and 3D solid finite elements<\/li>\n<li>Implemented on Abaqus Standard and Explicit<br \/><span style=\"color:#828282\">User subroutines: UMAT | VUMAT<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Implemented on LS-DYNA<br \/><span style=\"color:#828282\">Material model \u201cMAT_262: Laminated Fracture Daimler Camanho\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Available to be implemented in other FE software<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 class=\"titulo-amade izq\">WOVEN COMPOSITE LAMINATES<\/h5>\n<ul class=\"lista-amade\">\n<li>Available for shell finite elements<\/li>\n<li>Implemented on Abaqus Explicit<br \/><span style=\"color:#828282\">User subroutine: VUMAT<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Available to be implemented in other FE software<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;10px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;17805&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: #999999; font-style: italic;\">Simulation of damage evolution in a compression after impact (CAI) test<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;SIMULATION OF IMPACT EVENTS&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p>Impact events are a design limitation in most structural elements. Combining AMADE\u2019s intralaminar and interlaminar damage models, implemented in explicit finite element codes, impact events on composite materials can be reliably simulated.<\/p>\n<ul class=\"lista-amade\">\n<li>Reliable simulation of impact-induced damage, with good correlation in both damage extent and load-displacement response<\/li>\n<li>Modelling strategies for improved computational time<\/li>\n<li>Implemented and working on Abaqus Explicit<br \/><span style=\"color:#828282\">User subroutines: VUMAT | VUINTER | VUINTERACTION<\/span><\/li>\n<li>Available to be implemented in other FE software<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;17811&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: #999999; font-style: italic;\">Load vs time during an impact event: experimental data and numerical prediction<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;10px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;17809&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: #999999; font-style: italic;\">Simulation, intralaminar damage<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;17806&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: #999999; font-style: italic;\">Simulation, delaminations<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/3&#8243;][vc_single_image image=&#8221;17807&#8243; img_size=&#8221;full&#8221; alignment=&#8221;center&#8221; qode_css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 12px; color: #999999; font-style: italic;\">Experimental (C-scan), delaminations<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_accordion_tab][vc_accordion_tab title=&#8221;MATERIAL PROPERTIES IDENTIFICATION&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;2\/3&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">The material models developed at AMADE rely on physically measurable material properties that can be obtained in our <a href=\"\/index.php\/testing-lab\/\"><span style=\"color: #e26234;\">testing lab<\/span><\/a>, mostly by means of standardised tests. The tables give guidelines on the required properties and how to measure them.<\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/6&#8243;][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][vc_empty_space height=&#8221;10px&#8221;][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"tabla-amade\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">ELASTIC PROPERTIES<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><em>E<sub>11<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Young\u2019s modulus, fibre direction<\/td>\n<td>Tensile test, fibre direction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>E<sub>22<\/sub>, E<sub>33<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Young\u2019s moduli, transverse direction<\/td>\n<td>Tensile test, transverse direction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>G<sub>12<\/sub>, G<sub>13<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>In-plane shear moduli<\/td>\n<td>In-plane shear \u00b145\u00ba | Iosipescu tests<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>G<sub>23<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Transverse shear modulus<\/td>\n<td>Resin shear modulus | Iosipescu test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>\u03bd<sub>12<\/sub>, \u03bd<sub>13<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>In-plane Poisson\u2019s ratios<\/td>\n<td>Tensile test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>\u03bd<sub>23<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Transverse Poisson\u2019s ratio<\/td>\n<td>Computed (transverse isotropy plane)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"tabla-amade\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">STRENGTH PROPERTIES<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><em>X<sub>T<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Tensile strength, fibre direction<\/td>\n<td>Tensile test, fibre direction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>X<sub>C<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Compressive strength, fibre direction<\/td>\n<td>Compression test, fibre direction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Y<sub>T<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Tensile strength, transverse direction<\/td>\n<td>Tensile test, transverse direction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>Y<sub>C<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Compressive strength, transverse direction<\/td>\n<td>Compression test, transverse direction<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>S<sub>L<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Shear strength<\/td>\n<td>In-plane shear \u00b145\u00ba | Iosipescu tests<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<table class=\"tabla-amade\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">COHESIVE MODEL PROPERTIES<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><em>G<sub>Ic<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Fracture toughness, mode I<\/td>\n<td>DCB test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>G<sub>IIc<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Fracture toughness, mode II<\/td>\n<td>ENF or C-ELS tests<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>G<sub>c<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Fracture toughness, mixed mode<\/td>\n<td>MMB test<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>\u03c3<sub>n<\/sub><sup>max<\/sup><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Interlaminar strength, mode I<\/td>\n<td>Tensile test \/ ILTS test (bulk matrix \/ adhesive)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>\u03c3<sub>t<\/sub><sup>max<\/sup><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Interlaminar strength, mode II<\/td>\n<td>Interlaminar shear (ILSS) test (bulk matrix \/ adhesive)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<table class=\"tabla-amade\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">INTRALAMINAR MODEL PROPERTIES<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><em>G<sub>XT<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Fibre fracture toughness, tension<\/td>\n<td>Compact tension or double edge notch tension<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>G<sub>XC<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Fibre fracture toughness, compression<\/td>\n<td>Compact compression or double edge notch compression<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>G<sub>YT<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Matrix fracture toughness, tension<\/td>\n<td>DCB test (same as G<sub>Ic<\/sub>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>G<sub>YC<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Matrix fracture toughness, compression<\/td>\n<td>Computed: G<sub>YC<\/sub> = G<sub>SL<\/sub> \/ cos(53\u00ba)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><em>G<sub>SL<\/sub><\/em><\/td>\n<td>Matrix fracture toughness, shear<\/td>\n<td>ENF or C-ELS tests (same as G<sub>IIc<\/sub>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column_inner][\/vc_row_inner][\/vc_accordion_tab][\/vc_accordion][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221;][vc_column][vc_column_text]<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\">Do you need a specific inspection or simulation? Let us know your needs: <a href=\"mailto:testlab.amade@udg.edu\"><span style=\"color: #e26234;\">testlab.amade@udg.edu<\/span><\/a> | <a href=\"tel:+34972419690\"><span style=\"color: #e26234;\">+34 972 419 690<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n<p>[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]<\/p>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>[vc_row css_animation=&#8221;&#8221; row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; use_row_as_full_screen_section=&#8221;no&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; angled_section=&#8221;no&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; background_image_as_pattern=&#8221;without_pattern&#8221; z_index=&#8221;&#8221; padding_top=&#8221;40&#8243; padding_bottom=&#8221;40&#8243;][vc_column][vc_row_inner row_type=&#8221;row&#8221; type=&#8221;full_width&#8221; text_align=&#8221;left&#8221; css_animation=&#8221;&#8221;][vc_column_inner width=&#8221;1\/2&#8243;][vc_column_text] SIMULATION SERVICES AMADE\u2019s research pursues the industry-oriented development of material constitutive models for the reliable simulation of composite materials, bonded joints and, in general,&#8230;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-17815","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/amade.udg.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17815","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/amade.udg.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/amade.udg.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amade.udg.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/amade.udg.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=17815"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/amade.udg.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17815\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":17827,"href":"https:\/\/amade.udg.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/17815\/revisions\/17827"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/amade.udg.edu\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=17815"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}